Unit 6 Antibiotic Stewardship 7page due 6-17-22
CDC Antibiotic Stewardship Initiative Discussion Paper
Construct a professional paper that outlines the advanced practice role – as a nurse educator, a nurse leader, or a nurse practitioner – to advance the CDC’s antibiotic resistance initiative. The paper needs to be a minimum of 7 pages [excluding title and reference pages] consistent with APA style without an abstract page.
Please include the following:
1. Introduction that identifies your advanced practice role and your view of how that role will be able to impact the antibiotic resistance dilemma. Support your discussion with at least two references from the literature.
2. Review the CDC’s goals and identify one of the CDC’s key strategies that you will be able to promote/support in your advanced practice role. Support your discussion with at least two references from the literature.
3. Discuss three activities/actions that you will develop to support the promotion of the key strategy that you identified in item 2 above. Each action/activity needs to be well designed and supported with at least one reference from the literature. [For example, if you are a nurse educator student – in what course(s) will you be able to promote your identified key strategies, be specific about what that would look like using example lesson plan(s), identify any active learning strategies you will utilize, etc., and provide justification for your strategies, etc.; if you are a nurse leader student – what program(s) and activities will you engage with relative to your organization, be that existing programs or creation of new programs, reporting mechanisms, development of collaborative committees, etc., and provide justification for your strategies, etc.; if you are a nurse practitioner student – what prescribing practices, patient education practices, monitoring programs, etc., will you engage with, and provide justification for your strategies, etc.
4. The paper is to be formatted according to APA style
Sample paper
CDC ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE DISCUSSION PAPER
Introduction that Identifies my Advanced Practice Role and my View of How that Role will
be able to Impact the Antibiotic Resistance Dilemma
Regardless of how antibiotic is helpful in treatment discovery, antibiotic resistance has
become undetected, undiagnosed, and increasingly uncurable infections have still been deemed a
threat in the global world. Antibiotic is a type of medication that eradicate bacterial illness,
which has helped so many human beings to save lives ever since they were created. Antibiotic
resistance is a part of biological evolution where microorganism generates resistance against any
medications created to eliminate them (Podolsky, 2018). This means that antibiotics do not
eradicate these disease-causing microorganisms; instead, they survive to proceed with growing
and production due to the misuse and abuse of these medications. The Centers for Diseases
Control and Prevention (CDC) has been in the lead in developing an approach that can detect,
respond and contain before spreading the antibiotic resistance dilemma where it cannot be
controlled anymore. The CDC ultimately works hand in hand with different health care
stakeholders to give advice and promote the strategies they created. This problem has become a
crucial threat to healthcare and antibiotic development and use, so the course of techniques was
constructed to prevent and abolish antibiotic resistance. Nurse practitioners involve in one of the
health care stakeholders that have been influential in putting these initiatives into action (Baubie
et al., 2021). Since the nurse practitioners interact with patients constantly, they know what
appropriate care interventions are to be done. For that reason, they can apprehend patients’
responses to a specific antibiotic. The nurse practitioner plays a critical role in handling patients
when completing productive strategies that can resolve the issue of antibiotic resistance. Nurse practitioners are well trained to manage different roles that partake to become a
primary view of patient care provision. These stakeholders are also on the front line to advocate
for their patients and representatives of their organizations. In the present health care system,
nurse practitioners are permitted to assess, diagnose and treat their patients utilizing certain
medical interventions that are line with their scope of practice (Boeykens & Hecke, 2018). They
become an essential constituent in developing interventions to terminate antibiotic resistance.
Since the significant role of advance nurse practitioners is to provide care and treatment
to their patients, therefore, this various care involves maintaining health by the use of medicine,
prevention, diagnosis, and establishing complete healing restoration of a patient. A study shows
that one of the advanced nurse practitioners’ full scopes of practice is to prescribe medication or
implement correct interventions according to their treatment plan that can eventually restore the
patient’s health status to an optimum level (Friedberg et al., 2018). Nurse practitioners consider
being an essential element in establishing interventions to keep this antibiotic resistance from
becoming worst due to active interactions with their patients.
Nurse practitioners can also write a prescription for the best available intervention using
the right treatment course for a patient. The unacceptable prescribing of antibiotic medications
can produce an optimized problem of antibiotic resistance, which is already proven in the
healthcare industry. A study found that antibiotic resistance was vastly popular in the midst of
COVID due to the inappropriate prescribing of antibiotic medication to non-applicable patients
(Arshad et al., 2020). It is the duty of nurse practitioners to thoroughly assess their patients,
accurately diagnose, prescribe antibiotics according or consider other possible interventions to be
done if feasible. To be accurate, it is one way of combating the antibiotic resistance predicament
worldwide. Nurse practitioners are also authorized to constitute themselves in promoting political
advocacy for the benefit of their patients. With that being said, they can utilize a specific
institutional framework or a policy that enables them to prevent this problem. One way of doing
it is to prepare nurse practitioners to undergo collaborative and educational training to consider
the management and prevention of resistance (Oether & Oether, 2020). National nursing
standards are developed, approved, and implemented into law as these policies can be helpful
that will serve as guidelines for practitioners to incorporate into their clinical decision practices.
Review The CDC’s Goals and Identify one of the CDC’s Key Strategies That you Will be
Able to Promote/ Support in your Advanced Practice Role.
In Centers for Disease and Prevention developed a National Action Plan where the
priorities and activities projected on detecting, controlling, and preventing outbursts of resistant
infectious agents. They are five goals as part of the action plan in combating the issue where
each goal plays an essential role in multifaceted strategies to contend with fighting against
antibiotic resistance (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). It is crucial to surely
implement these goals that partnering with various disciplines that involves using antibiotic like
public health, academic institutions, agriculture, industrial research, healthcare, and veterinary
medicine
The first goal ventures to slow down the occurrence of indestructible bacteria and
intercept the spreading of the infections caused by the indestructible bacteria. This goal
encourages all healthcare facilities in cautious about usage; so in order to implement
successfully, it is important to collaborate with healthcare leaders, patients, pharmaceutical
companies, and healthcare providers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). It will
also culminate in quick recognition and management of transmission and outbreaks. The second goal is to focus on National One-Health surveillance activities to inhibit
resistance from increasing, which requires the participation of all multidisciplinary stakeholders
to continue fighting against the dilemma (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). In
National One-Health Surveillance, collaborate to develop advanced data sharing and compare the
conventional surveillance system that promotes putting up regional laboratory facilities that
serve for innovative genome sequencing and standardized resistance training.
The third goal is to create a rapid, advanced, and modern diagnostic assessment in order
to determine and define what particular drug resistance it may be, which pertains to adopting
inventive technologies that can supply “point-of-need” tests to use in all healthcare facilities
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). This test will be developed to determine
what type of viral and bacterial infection and will eventually be validating the susceptibilities of
bacterial drugs.
The fourth goal is to promote the development and research of new antibiotic
medications, vaccines, and other therapies. This goal implicates creating new antibiotic drugs to
substitute the old and ineffective ones (Tummers, 2019). Examples are in agriculture and
veterinary medicines that create new alternatives for newer antibiotics. It aims in expanding
more scientific research, facilitate clinical trials for new antibiotics also potentially identify new
antibiotic drug candidates for the development process.
The fifth goal is to enhance the collaboration internationally where capacities are
advantage for surveillance, control and prevention of antibiotic resistance. All major
organizations such as World Health Organization (WHO), The World Organization for Animal
Health (OIE), and The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) venture and aspire to support
the involvement in antibiotic research and development (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). The aim of this coordination is to intensify the involvement of both
international and national aspects of healthcare in monitoring, reporting, detecting,
characterizing, and analyzing antibiotic resistance.
As a future nurse practitioner, I will seriously be focusing on decreasing the rate of
emerging resistant bacteria and interrupting the transmissions. It is important for me to fully
understand the guidelines and strictly follow them when prescribing antibiotics to patients,
especially those bacteria that cause urinary tract infections, meningitis, skin infections, sexually
transmitted diseases, and respiratory tract infection. A study shows that many nurse practitioners
do not perform a deeper awareness of the reason why they need to prescribe antibiotics to their
patients (Boeyken & Hecke, 2018). Some provider prescribes these medications for viral
infection. A lot of healthcare providers recommended antibiotic drugs due to the pressure they
received from their patients. It is highly advised to follow the guidelines in assessing patients and
prescribing accordingly to their assessment. Education is needed in preventing the use of old
leftover medications treating for newer conditions. A study found that many patients were doing
self-medicated strategies getting old medication from their stocks (Jacob et al., 2019). When
educating patients, it is essential to specify what certain bacteria are treating a specific drug.
Patients need to know that taking the wrong drugs might develop a new set of disease pathogens
from the disease-causing microorganisms. Nurse practitioners' role is critical, ensuring the
patient understands education to stop antibiotic resistance.
Discuss Three Activities/Actions I will Develop to Support the Promotion of the Key
Strategy Identified in Item 2 Above.
The three actions I come up with to support the promotion of the critical strategy are
monitoring healthcare programs, carefully prescribing antibiotics, and educating patients. As a nurse practitioner, I need to monitor new development ideas or healthcare programs
promoting antibiotic resistance prevention. I need to be up to date or take a necessary test to be
in education on the recent changes in strategies, if there are any. Any earned education can be
applied to the healthcare facilities that ensure the critical system implementation is ongoing.
I need to make sure I have enough knowledge to correctly prescribe antibiotic therapy to
suitable patients, regardless of the challenge of constant demands of antibiotics when patients
visit a healthcare facility. Continued education to patients is needed where I need to explain that
antibiotics are not the choice of medication when they have flu. If required, I will give them
flyers to ensure they can read them when they get home.
I need to ensure that I give enough education to my patients after prescribing the
medication. Proper use of this medication is essential, like taking it for several specific days,
regardless of if they feel better before they finish it. It is also necessary to not skip the dose and
avoid putting the old medication in the cabinet for later use, so it may be an invaluable element
for patients who demands antibiotics for viral diseases.
REFERENCES
Arshad, M., Hasan, R., Khan, M., Mahmood, S. (2020, November 24). Covid-19,
Misinformation, and Antimicrobial Resistance. The BMJ.
Https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4501.
Baubie, K., Knobloch, M., Musuuza, J., Saban, K., Safdar, N., Suda, K. (2021, January 29).
Nurse Practitioners as Antibiotic Stewards: Examining Prescribing Patterns and
Perceptions. Elsevier. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2021.01.018.
Boeykens, K., Hecke, A. (2018, May 8). Advanced Practice Nursing: Nutrition Nurse Specialist
Role and Function. Elsevier. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.04.011.
Centers For Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, November 23). U.S. National Action Plan.
Cdc.gov. Https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/us-activities/national-action-plan.html.
Friedberg, M., Liu, J., Norful, A., Poghosyan, L. (2018, September). Nurse Practitioner Practice
Environments in Primary Care and Quality of Care for Chronic Diseases. National
Library of Medicine. Https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000961.
Jacob, R., Sunny, T., Varghese, S. (2019, June 8). Self-Medication: Is a Serious Challenge to
Control Antibiotic Resistance? National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy, and
Pharmacology. Http://www.njppp.com/fulltext/28-1559581707.pdf.
Oether, S., Oether, D. (2020, January 22). The Ethical Challenges of Antimicrobial Resistance
for Nurse Practitioners. National Library of Medicine. Https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.453.
Podolsky, S. (2018, October 23). The Evolving Response to Antibiotic Resistance (1945-2018).
Nature. Https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-018-0181-x.
Tummers, L. (2019, October 1). Public Policy and Behavior Change. Wiley Online Library.
Https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13109.
