The purpose of this topic in the literature review is to compare and contrast Sri Lankan and Australian education, how these have been revolved to cope up with current global educational trends. This study will be mainly focused on Different kinds of approaches used in primary and secondary settings in two countries and whether these two educational systems have succeeded thriving students’ skills and capabilities according to the social and economical demands. And two countries’ primary and secondary sectors will be analysed under pedagogical approaches in teaching and learning, how school curriculum is made according to its cultural and social requirements and how assessment is used as a tool of students’ learning outcome in both counties.