Muslims see the Crusades So Differently

Why do Muslims see the Crusades So Differently from Christians?
https://www.history.com/news/why-muslims-see-the-crusades-so-differently-from-christians
Using the article “Why do Muslims see the Crusades So Differently from Christians?” summarize the specific reasons why Muslims see the Crusades differently from Christians?
According to Chapter One of your textbook (textbook attached), how and why did Augustine of Hippo develop a Christian theory of the Just war? In what way was it Christian?
Why did the idea of Penitential War appeal so strongly to the people of the Middle Ages?

 

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