How did Spanish conquistadores manage to conquer the Aztec and Inca empires? (Provide examples for both cases.)
Post-independence Latin America remained divided societies by class, race, gender, and ethnicity, yet power and privilege remained among the European-descendent creole elites. Politics was divided between liberals and conservatives. Explain the differences between liberalism and conservatism in nineteenth-century Latin America? How did these two opposing views try to appeal to the traditionally excluded people (non-whites, women, indigenous people, working-class and rural poor)?
What factors led to the October Revolution in Guatemala in the 1940s and the rise of a Socialist President in Chile in the 1970s? How did the United States respond in both cases?
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