Understanding Variables

Select a variable that represents a phenomenon of interest to you and that you would like to study: that is, a dependent variable.

Name five variables that you think potentially influence that dependent variable that could serve as independent variables in a study. In other words, provide an example similar to the student achievement example provided in the Variables Topic Overview in which four independent variables were identified that influence student achievement (class size, teacher training, student motivation, and expenditure per pupil).

Complete Writing Exercises A–C in Creswell and Creswell (2023).
A. For a qualitative study, write a central question followed by five to seven sub-questions.

B. For a quantitative study, describe a published theory in your field, and write two directional hypotheses that challenge or extend the theory.

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