Explain how slope stability is related to slope angle
Explain what types of events can trigger mass wasting
Describe the main types of mass wasting – creep, slump, translational slide, rotational slide, fall, and debris flow or mudflow – in terms of the types of materials involved, the type of motion, and the likely rates of motion
Explain what steps we can take to delay mass wasting, and why we cannot prevent it permanently
Describe the timing and extent of Earth’s past glaciations, going as far back as the early Proterozoic
Explain the differences between continental and alpine glaciation
Summarize how snow and ice accumulate above the equilibrium line and are converted to ice
Explain how basal sliding and internal flow facilitate the movement of ice from the upper part to the lower part of a glacier
Describe and identify the various landforms related to alpine glacial erosion, including U- shaped valleys, aretes, cols, horns, hanging valleys, truncated spurs, drumlins, roches moutonees, glacial grooves, and striae
Identify various types of glacial lakes, including tarns, finger lakes, moraine lakes, and kettle lakes
Describe the nature and origins of lodgement till, ablation till, and glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine, and glaciomarine sediments
Summarize the factors that control wave formation
Explain how water is disturbed beneath a wave, and how that affects the behavior of waves as they approach the shore
Describe the origins of longshore currents and longshore drift
Explain why some coasts are more affected by erosion than others and describe the formation of coastal erosional features, including stacks, arches, cliffs, and wave-cut platforms
Summarize the origins of beaches, spits, baymouth bars, tombolos, and barrier islands
Describe the origins of carbonate reefs
